- Bioenergetics
- The flow of energy through living systems, especially how cells turn food and oxygen into the ATP that runs every other process.
- Chronobiology
- The science of biological rhythms: how time of day shapes hormones, immunity, digestion, and repair.
- Dysbiosis
- An out-of-balance gut microbiome. The wrong mix of microbes, often after antibiotics, ultra-processed diets, or chronic stress.
- Health Optimization Medicine
- A clinical framework built around an explicit definition of health, not the detection of disease. Measures against optimal physiological function.
- Metabolomics
- The study of the small molecules your cells produce as they make energy. A direct readout of how your metabolism is actually running.
- Mitochondria
- The energy machinery inside almost every cell. Responsible for turning fuel into the cellular currency (ATP) that powers everything else.
- Optimal range
- The narrower band of a lab value associated with how the body actually performs best. Different from a reference range, which only flags disease.
- Reference range
- The statistical band that holds the middle 95 percent of a lab population. A normal result inside it means not diseased, not necessarily well.